ট্রুম্যান নীতি | Truman Doctrine
On March 15, 1947, the Truman Doctrine was announced. This policy declared that any country or nation in the world seeking to preserve its independence and sovereignty, or to free itself from external pressure and influence to maintain its national unity and integrity, would receive full assistance and support from the United States. The “external pressure” referred specifically to communist ideology and the political and military activities of its proponent, the Soviet Union.
After the Second World War, Britain had become financially exhausted. It was no longer in a position to provide economic and military assistance to Greece and Turkey. As Britain withdrew, the Soviet Union, having already established its sphere of influence in Eastern Europe, sought to extend its control over Turkey. At the same time, left-wing guerrillas supported by Moscow launched a rebellion against the right-wing government in Greece. In this situation, it became essential for the United States to provide financial aid to Greece and Turkey in order to resist Soviet influence in these two countries. On March 15, 1947, President Harry Truman requested approval from the U.S. Congress for an allocation of 400 million dollars. This initiative marked the beginning of the Truman Doctrine.
Following its announcement, the Truman Doctrine became the central principle of U.S. foreign policy. It signaled the end of the long-standing Monroe Doctrine of isolationism. In the words of Hans Morgenthau, the Truman Doctrine gradually became the intellectual foundation of the Cold War. However, it was sharply criticized by Walter Lippmann, who argued that the United States was embarking on the creation of a group of dependent states, reflecting its aggressive and militaristic tendencies. He also pointed out that, in its effort to resist communism, the U.S. sometimes supported authoritarian and anti-democratic forces. Nevertheless, the contribution of the Truman Doctrine to the formation of a Western capitalist alliance as a counterweight to the Soviet bloc is undeniable.
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