মামুদের সোমনাথ মন্দির লুণ্ঠন
Somnatha Temple Plunder
Three hundred years after the Arab conquest of Sindh, India once again faced Muslim invasions, this time by the Turkish Sultans of Ghazni. After ascending the throne in 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud resolved to invade India annually. According to Cambridge historians, he invaded India a total of 17 times between 1000 and 1026 CE. Among Mahmud’s campaigns, the most significant was the raid on the Somnath temple in Gujarat during 1025–1026 CE.
The Somnath temple was located on the Kathiawar coast of Gujarat. The temple’s immense wealth and magnificent idols lured Mahmud. On 17 October 1024 CE, Mahmud set out towards Somnath. He reached Multan on 20 November. Advancing towards Somnath, he captured the fort of Anhilwara. He then seized the Somnath temple. The then-ruling Chalukya king, Bhima I, fled his capital and returned only after the event had passed. After three days of battle, around fifty thousand Indian soldiers were killed at the temple gates. The temple was plundered, and the Shiva lingam was broken into pieces and sent to Ghazni. The estimated value of the looted wealth is said to be around twenty million.
Many historians have tried to explain the plunder of Somnath from a religious perspective. According to them, Mahmud desecrated and plundered the sacred site of non-believers to fulfill his fanatical religious zeal. They argue that this act was an expression of his deep desire to portray himself as a true Muslim. However, Professor Habib has shown that Mahmud’s actions were not driven by hatred of Hindus or religious fanaticism. His motives were rooted in a desire for wealth and plunder. Nowhere is he seen forcibly converting people or attempting to establish an empire. He was content with looting riches. Furthermore, neither the Quran nor any religious text condones the desecration of other faiths’ places of worship. Therefore, Mahmud’s plunder of the temple cannot be justified by Islamic principles.
রোমিলা থাপার লিখিত Somnatha: Many Voice of History বইটি এই বিষয়ে বিশেষ সাহায্য করবে।
উত্তরমুছুনসোমনাথ সংস্কৃতে বলা হয় সোমনাথা। তাই রোমিলা বইটার নাম সোমনাথা রেখেছেন। Many Voice of History অর্থাৎ ইতিহাসের অনেক কন্ঠস্বর বলতে সোমনাথ মন্দিরকে কেন্দ্র করে বিভিন্ন বিতর্ক লোকশ্রুতি ও ইতিহাসকে তুলে ধরা হয়েছে বইটিতে। বইটা প্রকাশিত হয় 2004 সালে। Ashoka and The Decline of Maurya এর পর রোমিলা থাপারের অন্যতম গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কাজ এটি।( যদিও মাঝে বহু কিছু নিয়ে তাঁর গবেষণা ও গ্রন্থ প্রকাশিত হয়েছে যেগুলো ভারতের ইতিহাসের বিশিষ্ট দিকগুলি নিয়ে আলোচনা করে।)
উত্তরমুছুনপ্রসঙ্গত বলা ভালো ভিনসেন্ট আর্থার স্মিথ মামুদকে "নিছক লুন্ঠনকারী দস্যু " বলেছেন।
উত্তরমুছুন