দ্বিতীয় চন্দ্রগুপ্তের রাজনৈতিক অবদান
দ্বিতীয় চন্দ্রগুপ্তের শাসনকালের সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ঘটনা হল পশ্চিম ভারতের ক্ষমতাসীন শক ক্ষত্রপদের উৎখাত। শক ক্ষত্রপ চষ্টন গুজরাট, কাথিয়াবাড় এবং উজ্জয়িনী এলাকায় রাজত্ব করছিলেন। মুদ্রাগত সাক্ষ্য থেকে জানা যায়, ৪১০-৪১১ খ্রিস্টাব্দ নাগাদ দ্বিতীয় চন্দ্রগুপ্ত তাদেরকে ওই এলাকা থেকে উৎখাত করতে সক্ষম হলেন। যদিও শক শক্তির বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই চলে আসছিল সমুদ্রগুপ্তের আমল থেকেই। পশ্চিম ভারতে শক শাসনের অবসানের ফলে উর্বর ও সমুদ্রসন্নিহিত বন্দর এলাকা, যা অর্থনৈতিকভাবে খুবই তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ ছিল, গুপ্তদের অধিকারে আসে।
Political Contributions of Chandragupta II
Chandragupta II ascended the throne in 376 CE as the successor of Samudragupta. Some historians believe that Ramagupta was the rightful heir of Samudragupta. This notion originates from the Sanskrit drama "Devichandraguptam" by Vishakhadatta, which narrates how Ramagupta was defeated and killed by the Shaka king. The story suggests that Chandragupta II infiltrated the Shaka camp, killed the Shaka king, and later married Dhruvadevi, the widow of his brother. However, Dinesh Chandra Sircar dismissed this claim based on the Mathura Pillar Inscription. Additionally, the coins of Ramagupta are not earlier than the 6th century, suggesting that he was not a contemporary of Chandragupta II. Thus, Chandragupta II was the immediate successor of Samudragupta.
One of the most significant events during Chandragupta II's reign was the defeat of the Shaka Kshatrapas in western India. The Shaka ruler Chastana ruled over Gujarat, Kathiawar, and Ujjain. Numismatic evidence suggests that around 410-411 CE, Chandragupta II successfully expelled them from these regions. Although the conflict with the Shakas had begun during Samudragupta’s time, Chandragupta II achieved the final victory, bringing the fertile coastal trade centers under Gupta control, which was economically significant.
Chandragupta II also strengthened his power through marital alliances. He married Kubera Naga, a princess from the Naga dynasty, which helped consolidate Gupta authority in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab and central India. His daughter, Prabhavati Gupta, was married to the Vakataka king Rudrasena II, where she held the position of chief queen. These alliances likely played a crucial role in preparing for the war against the Shakas.
The Iron Pillar of Delhi, located near the Qutub Minar, bears an inscription referring to a ruler named "Chandra." Many scholars believe that this Chandra was none other than Chandragupta II. The inscription describes how he defeated enemies in Bengal, crossed the seven mouths of the Indus River, and conquered Bahlika (Bactria). His digvijaya (conquests) reportedly extended southward to the ocean. Although this account contains exaggerations, there is no doubt that he was a powerful ruler. Two key arguments support the identification of "Chandra" with Chandragupta II: Similarity in names and The pillar inscription is contemporary with Chandragupta II However, the claim that Chandragupta II established an empire stretching from Bactria to the Indian Ocean is not entirely accepted.
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