স্ত্রীধন
Stridhan (Wife's Property)
In ancient Indian religious texts, a daughter's natural inheritance from her father's property is not recognized. However, in the Manusmriti, it is stated that if a person is childless and adopts a daughter as a putrika (adopted son), the daughter then inherits the father's property. Generally, the wealth a woman receives as a gift is entirely hers. This wealth is known as Stridhan. Stridhan usually consists of movable property that a woman receives from her father, mother, friends, and relatives, and after her death, her daughters inherit this property. According to Yajnavalkya, a husband has no claim over Stridhan, except in a few circumstances, such as during famine or for specific religious rituals.
The Manusmriti mentions six types of Stridhan:
- Adhyagni – This is given in the presence of the fire during marriage.
- Adhyavahnik – This is given when the daughter leaves for her husband's home.
- Preetidatta – This is given by relatives and friends out of affection.
- Bhratridatta – This is given by the brothers. According to Manu, at the time of marriage, brothers are to relinquish one-fourth of their inheritance for their sisters.
- Matridatta – This is given by the mother.
- Pitridatta – This is given by the father.
Kautilya mentions four types of Stridhan:
- Shulka – The bridegroom’s party provides the bride with jewelry and other items, which are valued as Shulka.
- Anvadhyeya – This is wealth received after marriage.
- Adhivedanik – This is wealth given to the woman when she moves to her husband's home.
- Bandhudatta – This is wealth given by friends.
Yajnavalkya, in a more concise manner, also discusses six types of Stridhan:
- Wealth is given by the father, mother, husband, and brother.
- Wealth is given during the marriage ceremony in front of the yagna fire.
- Consolation wealth is given by the husband to the first wife if he marries again.
- Wealth is given by the daughter's relatives and kin.
- The value of the bride is given by the bridegroom’s party.
- Wealth is obtained from various sources after marriage.
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